Humans use two major systems to enable communication between spatially separated parts of the body. Previously we have considered how the nervous system regulates functions that require very fast and highly specific forms of communication. In this lesson we will examine the endocrine system which mediates communication at a much slower rate, but produces much more widespread effects.
The endocrine system is responsible for the control of a large number of homeostatic variables as well as the regulation of our development, growth and reproduction. As the nervous system is involved in higher functions such as consciousness, memory and personality, we tend to think of it as defining what we ‘are’. Because of its regulation of development and growth, the endocrine system was traditionally considered to determines what we ‘look like’.
However, more recent evidence indicates that through its role in development, the endocrine system has fairly important effects on brain function and so its role in controlling who we are should not be understated. These recent findings also go to highlight the close interaction between the nervous system and endocrine system in controlling many body functions.
Given that the endocrine system is responsible for such a variety of physiological functions, it should probably come as no surprise that endocrine dysfunction underlies a large number of the disorders that affect humans. Diabetes, sleep disorders and some forms of infertility are examples of disorders that affect humans and involve endocrine system malfunction.
Similarly a number of drugs use to treat ailments such as hypertension and cancer either mimic or block the actions of hormones.
The study of the endocrine system is referred to as endocrinology.